They are one of the most common sights in any commercial building—the steady, illuminated glow of an exit sign. We see them every day, but it’s easy to overlook the complex web of codes and standards behind them. These regulations aren't just suggestions; they are strict, legally-enforced requirements designed to ensure that when an emergency strikes, these simple signs can guide people to safety.
Understanding these codes is crucial for any building owner, facility manager, or contractor. It’s about more than just avoiding fines—it’s about protecting lives. This guide will break down the essential codes and standards that govern exit signs.
The Foundation of Safety: NFPA 101
The cornerstone of all exit sign regulation is the NFPA 101®, Life Safety Code®. This comprehensive document is the primary standard used by local authorities across the United States to dictate how exit signs must perform. Key requirements include:
- Placement: Signs must be located at every designated exit door. Furthermore, they are required at any point where the path to an exit is not immediately obvious, such as corridor intersections or long hallways that require you to turn a corner.
- Visibility: A standard exit sign must have letters that are at least 6 inches high with a 3/4-inch thick stroke. The sign must be designed to be clearly legible from a distance of 100 feet.
- Illumination: All exit signs must be constantly illuminated. This can be achieved either with an internal light source (the most common method) or a reliable external light source that is part of the building's emergency lighting circuit.
To learn more about the NFPA 101®, you can visit NFPA.org.
Powering Through the Dark: UL 924 and Backup Power
What happens when the power goes out? This is where UL 924, the Standard for Emergency Lighting and Power Equipment, comes in. For an exit sign to be UL 924 listed, it must prove it can function during a power failure.
- 90-Minute Runtime: The most critical requirement is that the sign’s internal battery backup must be able to power the sign for a minimum of 90 minutes after a loss of normal power.
- Automatic Activation: The sign must detect a power failure and switch to its battery source automatically within 10 seconds.
While battery backup is the most common solution, UL 924 also covers signs powered by a central generator or non-electrical signs like photoluminescent models, which absorb ambient light and glow in the dark.
Keeping Ready: The Importance of Testing and Maintenance
A compliant sign is only effective if it's in working order. NFPA 101 mandates a strict testing and maintenance schedule to ensure every sign is ready to perform.
- Monthly Test: A 30-second functional test must be performed every 30 days. This is typically done by pressing the "push-to-test" button and visually confirming that the sign illuminates on battery power.
- Annual Test: Once a year, a full 90-minute discharge test is required. This test verifies that the battery has enough capacity to last for the entire required duration.
Building owners must keep a written log of these tests, as the local fire marshal or Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) can ask to review it during an inspection.
Special Cases: When Local Codes Take Precedence
While the NFPA and UL provide national standards, some major cities have their own unique, stricter requirements. It is vital to know your local codes. For example:
- New York City: Mandates larger, 8-inch high red letters for enhanced visibility.
- Chicago: Requires all exit signs to have a durable, all-metal housing (typically steel) for increased fire resistance and durability.
Shop New York Approved Exit Signs ►
Shop Chicago Approved Exit Signs ►
Beyond the Sign: A Commitment to Safety
Meeting exit sign codes is a non-negotiable part of managing a safe and legal commercial property. From placement and visibility to power and testing, each standard plays a role in a system designed to work flawlessly in a crisis.
Are the exit signs in your facility fully compliant? Take the time to audit your building against these standards. If you need assistance or are looking for exit signs that meet national or specific local codes, our team of experts is here to help. Contact Bees Lighting at 855-303-0665 to ensure your facility is safe, secure, and up to code.
